In Spring, 1950 James van Allen, the scientific worker of the University in Iowa began discussion on creating and co-ordinating the worldwide scientific program referring to the approaching peak of solar activity. The scientific program was based on the two preceding, so-called Polar Years (1882-1883 and 1932-1933) and it was to increase the awareness of the existence of the earth’s atmosphere. In 1952, the International Council of Scientific Unions, the members of which were the scientists from Europe and the Soviet Union, declared, that the period of 18 months between the 1^st of June, 1957 and the 31^st of December, 1959 would be announced to be the International Geophysical Year (IGY). In October, 1954, the Council passed the resolution according to which during the above-mentioned period, the first satelites would be put into orbit. In September, 1955 the Einsenhower’s administration pronounced the American plans to put the satelite into earth’s orbit, which was assumed to be used for civil purposes. A few months later, also the Soviet Union announced the similar plan.